Hematopoiesis is the process whereby mature blood cells (red cells, white cells, and platelets) are produced from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow through a process of proliferation and differentiation. Erythropoiesis is the name given to the production of red blood cells (RBCs) (erythrocytes), and is dependent on many complex factors.
Erythropoiesis depends on proper nuclear (DNA) and cytoplasmic (RNA and hemoglobin) maturation. Vitamin B12 (or cobalamin) is important in DNA synthesis. When vitamin B12 is not available, the conversion of homocysteine to methionine is impaired. DNA is not synthesized properly, and megaloblastic anemia ensues
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